Chapter+One+Terms

Flow-line Maps - Maps that are illustrate the movement of people, animals, goods, and ideas, as well as physical processes like hurricanes and glaciers. · I saw where the glacier started moving on the flow-line map. Qualitative Maps - Maps that use colors, symbols, lines, or dots to show information related to a specific idea. · The Qualitative map showed me the main resource of Brazil. Thematic Maps - Maps that emphasize a single idea or a particular kind of information about and area. · The thematic map showed the climate variations throughout the world. Political Map - Shows the boundaries and locations of political units such as countries, states, counties, cities, and towns. · The political map showed where Dallas is located in Texas. Relief - Differences in elevation. · The relief on the map shows the difference of land height in Texas. Topography - shape of the Earth’s physical features. · The river on the map is an example of topography. Physical Map - shows the location. · The Physical map shows where Florida is located. Relative Location - Location of one place in relation to another. · The relative location of Paris is Northeast of Nantes. Scale - is a consistent, proportional relationship between the measurements shown on the map and the measurement of the Earth’s surface. · The amount of the detail depends on the size of the scale. Intermediate Directions - Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest · Iceland is Northwest of Norway. Site - refers to the specific location of a place, including its physical setting. · The site of Paris is in France. Situation - an expression of relative location. · San Francisco’s situation is as a port city on the Pacific coast. ** Globe - A spherical representation of the earth. **  · ** The teacher pointed to South Africa on the globe. ** ** Map - A representation, usually on a flat surface, of the whole or a part of an area. **  · ** There was a map of North Dakota stapled on the wall above the whiteboard. ** ** Cartographers - Ones who makes maps. **  · ** The cartographer made a key on the map, showing the yellow areas representing mountains. ** ** Great Circle Route -An imaginary line that follows the curve of the Earth and represents the shortest distance between two points. **  · ** The pilot used a great circle route to shorten our trip from Tokyo to LA. ** ** Map Projection - A mathematical formula used to represent the curved surface of the Earth on the flat surface of a map. **  · ** Distance, shape, direction, or size may be distorted by the type of map projection. ** ** Planar Projection - A map created by projecting an image of the Earth onto a plane. **  · ** Also known as an azimuthal projection, planar projection is most accurate at its center. ** ** Cylindrical Projection - A map of Earth created by projecting Earth’s image onto a cylinder. **  · ** Cylindrical projection is most accurate near the equator, but shapes and distances are distorted near the poles. ** ** Conic Projection - A map of the Earth created by placing a cone over part of an Earth model. **  · ** A conic projection can indicate distances and directions fairly accurately. ** ** Interrupted Projection - A map of the Earth in which the Earth’s surface appears cut along arbitrary lines, each section projected separately. **  · ** Mercedes studied interrupted projection to study the Earth’s landmasses. ** ** Location - A specific place on Earth. **  · ** The location of Miami is in Florida. ** ** Grid System - Pattern formed as the lines of latitude and longitude cross one another. **  · ** On the game Battleship, they use a grid system in order to sink the other opponent’s ships. ** ** Hemisphere - Half of a sphere or globe, as in the Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemisphere’s. **  · ** The United States is located in the Earth’s Northern Hemisphere. **

Place - A particular space with physical and human meaning.
 * Mount Rushmore is a place remembering our forefathers who helped create our country.

Region - Certain areas with similar characteristics. · The Great Plains is a region that has many similar flat lands.

Formal Region - Defined by common characteristics, such as a product produced there. · The Corn Belt is a formal region because corn is its major crop.

Functional Region - A central place and the surrounding area linked to it such as metropolitan areas. · Minneapolis is a functional region because of all the suburbs connecting it, making it seem like it’s all one place.

Perceptual Region - Defined by popular feelings and images rather than by objective data. · Heartland is an example of perceptual region because it refers to a central area in which traditional values are believed to predominate.

Ecosystem- A community of plants and animals that depend upon one another, and their surroundings for survival. · The rainforest has an ecosystem made up of tropical animals, reptiles, trees, and plants.

Movement - The act or process of changing place or position · Movement is a natural thing within countries if people are unhappy with where they live and they want to change it.

Human Environment Interaction - The study of the interrelationship between people and their physical environment. · Geographers examine the ways people use their environment, how and why they change it, and what consequences result from these changes. This is called Human Environment Interaction.

Cartography - The process of making maps. · The profession of cartography is a difficult one, because you must be very accurate while creating and designing maps.

Geographic Information Systems - Computer tools that process and organize data and satellite images with other types of information gathered by geographers and other scientists. · Biologists use geographic information systems to monitor wildlife populations in a specific area.

1. Latitude: Parallel lines that circle the Earth parallel to the Equator and measure the distance north and south. Example: The latitude of South Africa is 29 o 00' S. 2. Equator: Is measured at 0 degrees latitude, while the poles lie at latitudes 90 degrees north and 90 degrees south. Example: The hottest areas in the world are close or on the equator. 3. Longitude: Lines of Meridians that circle the Earth pole to pole. Example: The longitude is the angular distance between a point on any meridian and the prime meridian. 4. Prime Meridian : The distance of the lines of east to west. Example: The Prime Meridian passes through Europe, Africa, and Antarctica. 5. Absolute location: Global address. Example: The absolute location of Kansas City, Missouri is just east of Kansas City, Kansas. 6. Northern Hemisphere: Everything in the north of the equator. Example: All countries, cities, states, and capitals of the north. 7. Southern Hemisphere: Everything in the south of the equator. Example: All countries, cities, states, and capitals of the south. 8. Eastern Hemisphere: Everything in the east of the equator. Example: All countries, cities, states, and capitals of the east. 9 . Western Hemisphere: Everything in the west of the equator. Example: All countries, cities, states, and capitals of the west. 10. Scale Bar: The relationship between map measurements and actual distance of the earth. Example: 11. Compass Rose: Indicates directions. Example: If you were an explorer of the seas the directions of a compass rose on a map. Would help a lot on finding the right way to sail. 12. Cardinal Directions: North, south, east, and west usually indicate with arrows or points of a star. Example: Is the geographic orientation on the earth.